The Japanese conjugation 1ʳᵉ part
Contents:
Times and values:
Primary verb forms:
* Introduction to Japanese conjugation
* The present simple / future
* The simple past
* The present progressive
* The past progressive
*The imperative
*The volunteer
*The conditional-eba
*The conditional-tara
*The potential
*The causative
*The passive
*The passive causative
* The tee shape
* T-shape
*The tai shape
Here are the essentials of the Japanese conjugation
Introduction to Japanese conjugation
Verbal groups and the radical
In Japanese, we distinguish three types of verbs:
- "u" verbs (godan)
- verbs in "ru" (ichidan): they only end in "iru" or "eru". But beware ! All verbs ending with these two endings are not necessarily ichidan! For example, the verb 帰る (kaeru: to go home) is a godan!
- and irregular verbs
All verbs end with the "u" sound in the infinitive (neutral form).
the verb, just subtract the syllable assigned to it.
Examples:
To find the stem of a "u" verb, simply remove the final u.
Thus, the verb 飲む (nomu: to drink) has the stem: ｎｏｍ
To find the radical of a verb in "ru", simply remove the final ru.
Thus, the verb 食べる (taberu: to eat) has the stem: ｔａｂｅ
For irregular verbs, it's the same principle, except that during conjugation, the radical can also change.
Irregular verbs can function as godan or ichidan.
Japanese conjugation is generally organized into two sections, positive and negative (negation) divided into two forms, the neutral form (common language see colloquial) and the polite form (common language see supported). In the workplace, or when speaking to an elder; we must use the polite form!
It should also be noted that conjugations are often formed from the verb to be conjugated, accompanied by the verb iru or / and desu
The present simple / future
In Japanese, there is only one tense for the present simple and the future! That is to say, depending on the context, the same sentence can change its time value!
明日は海に行きます。(ashita wa umi ni ikimasu ): Tomorrow I'll go to the beach.
毎回、海に行きます。(maikai, umi ni ikimasu ): I always go to the beach
present progressive
This tense allows us to talk about what we are doing when we speak. That is to say that the present simple is never used to describe an action in progress! It is formed from the verb to be conjugated in the " te-form " accompanied by the verb iru conjugated in the present tense .
The ta-shape and the te-shape
The form in ta: this verbal declension makes it possible to form the past simple of the godan .
The verb endings mu and nu; become nes.
Examples: no mu → no nda | shi nu → shi nda
The verb endings u, tsu and ru; become tta.
Examples: ka u → ka tta | utsu tsu → utsu tta | kae ru → kae tta
The verb endings ku and gu; become ita and ida respectively.
Examples: ka ku → ka ita | oyo gu → oyo ida
The verb ending su becomes shita.
Examples: from su → from shita | kae su → kae shita
The tee shape is extremely similar to the ta shape...just replace the "a" with "e"
The verb endings mu and nu; become nde.
Examples: no mu → no nde | shi nu → shi nde
The verb endings u, tsu and ru; become heads.
Examples: ka u → ka tte | utsu tsu → utsu tte | kae ru → kae tte
The verb endings ku and gu; become ite and ide respectively.
Examples: ka ku → ka ite | oyo gu → oyo ide
The verb ending su becomes shite.
Examples: from su → from shite | kae su → kae shite
The simple past
The progressive past
This tense allows us to talk about what we were doing at a specific moment. That is to say, we must always use this tense to describe an action that was in progress! It is formed from the verb to be conjugated to " the form in you " accompanied by the verb iru conjugated in the past simple .
